Program control



w. J. HUGHES raoenm common Filed Sept. 24. 1937 Oct. 15,

8 Sheets-She 1 I m d 0d. 15, 1940. w J; HUGHES 2,217,751

PROGRAM CONTROL 'Filed Sept. 24, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 w. J. HUGHES I 2,217,751

PROGRAM common Filed Sept. 24, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Oct. 15, 1940. w HUGHEs PROGRAM CONTROL Filed Sept. 24. 1937 8 Sheets-Sham. 4

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PROGRAM comm.

Filed Sept. 24, 1957 a Sheets-$11991. 5

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PROGRAM CONTROL Filed Sept. 24, 19s? 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Oct. 15, 1940. w, J HUGHES 2,217,751

PROGRAM CONTROL Filed Sept. 24, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 @ZZ- I #7621 "$26 Ina/612L 82",

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Oct. 15, 1940. w. J. HUGHES 2,217,751 I rnoenu common I Filed Sept 24. 1931 a SheetsSh'oet a Patented Oct. 15, 1940 "PATENT OFFICE PROGRAM CONTROL Walter J. Hughes, Chicago, 11]., asslgnor to Infllco, Inc., Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware Application September 24, 1937, Serial No. 165,494

2 Claims.

The present invention relates to electric control and has particular reference to an electric system adapted to control a program of a physical, chemical or biological process medium.

In many processes or methods of physical, chemical or biological treatment, there may be observed a more or less uniform and definite series of conditions, both in substances under treatment and in the treating material or process medium; and in many instances, if the process .medi'um is properly operated, a series or cycle of distinct conditions may be produced therein over and over again. For instance, certain filter beds, as well as other solids and/or fluids in tions, may be operated in cycles, and such cycles may include various steps, herein referred to as,

phases or functions. In some instances, a. series of fun'ctions may follow of necessity where a certain condition has once been established. In other cases it is possible or necessary to control some or all of the functions of a cycle as the process advances, and such a plurality of intentionally directed functions which may be controlled either manually or automatically, is termed a program. Automatic program control may be, and often is, both cheaper and more efflcient than manual program control, by plant operators, may practically be.

In other processes, for instance in many biological treating methods, any one of a number of known conditions of a process medium may practically turn up at any time. A medium of this type does not usually lend itself very readily to automatic operation, there being no definite program to be followed. However, it may be possible by means of dependable instruments to automatically detect certain conditions even in a medium of this kind; and it may be desirable to have such automatic condition detectors and/or indicators start a series of functions, constituting a part program or,.if possible, a full program. In still other processes, as occur, for instance, in inner combustion engines or the like, there may be found a definite operating program which, due to frequency or other characteristics of functions included therein cannot be manually controlled at all, except for the starting.

otherwise, which are known to the art, have bee developed for such apparatus.

Special problems are encountered where, due to the character of the process or apparatus, manual interferences with an automatic program, or automatic interferences of one automatically controlled program or function with another, are desirable or necessary. In such events, an automatic program controller should be elastic enough to allow for direct or preselected interference as required, but should be provided with such interlocking features as render unnecessary and harmful interferences impossible or inoperative. The present application is particularly concerned with certain interferences as referred to.

Manual interferences as herein referred to means irregularly starting, stopping or otherwise controlling individual functions of an automatic 4 program. An automatic controller providing for manual start of a program is'generally referred to as semi-automatic. Alltypes of manual interference should be distinguished from manual adjustment of automatic control means, which is another feature of program controllers as herein referred to.

Furthermore,. control setting or regulating means should be differentiated from operating or control applying means, also from function termininating or controlling means. When and as a, process medium is caused to perform any function, for instance, when a heating chamber is being charged, fired or cleared, certain operating means such as stokers, stacks, conduits or valves are required to operate, and the operation of the same may be governed by control setting or regulating means, if it,is not'governed by hand. The operating means are either integral or rela- I tively closely associated with the process medium, while, regulating means may be remote or less closely associated. Each function of a process medium, regardless whether manually or automatically regulated, involves certain operations and/or positions of some operating means.

There will be described in the following, for purposes of illustration, a water filter of the gravity type, such as used in many municipal and large gravity plants for water purification. The sand bed of such a filter is a process medium, and the several va'lvesthereof are operating means as defined above. Reference will be made in the following to certain additional means which indirectly operate and control the filter bed, such as pilot valves controlling the operating valves; solenoids controlling the pilot valves; electric circuits controlling the solenoids; and contact making and breaking devices controlling the electric circuits. A synchronous motor and/or certain other instruments control the contact making and breaking devices and are used as sources of automatic program control.

A principal object of my invention is to provide an electric control device adapted to control a program of a physical, chemical or biological process medium as referred to.

Another object is to provide an electric control device adapted to remotely control a program, including a plurality of functions or phases, of a filter bed or similar process medium, and allowing for manual interference with certain functions or phases, in predetermined ways and during predetermined periods of time only.

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to, having means for manually suspending the automatic control of certain program functions when and as long as circumstances require.

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to, having means for manually, selectively and remotely interfering with certain program functions, such interference being made effective when circumstances require and/or allow the same to become effective.

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to, having means for starting a program, automatic means for controlling and/or completing such program and/or for alternately rendering said starting means operative or inoperative.

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to, having means for starting a program, automatic means for controlling and completing such program, and operating means including several individual groups of devices, each group including individual and largely uniform chains of devices, said devices of each chain controlling one another and the last devices of the several chains cooperating to control a process medium.

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to, having means for starting a program, automatic means for controlling such program through different phases, and operating means including primary and. secondary controlling devices, each of said primary and secondary controlling devices being alternately in inoperative and operative condition during a program. and all such secondary controlling devices which are in inoperative condition during a certain phase, being disposed in an individual group adapted to be put in operative condition by separate means.

Another object is to provide an electric control device adapted to control a program of a process medium and having means for starting a program, automatic means for controlling and/or completing such program, electric operating means controlled by said automatic means, and other operating means controlled by said electric operating means and controlling said process medium, all of said electric operating means being normally inoperative during certain phases of a program, while some of said other operating means are operative during said phases.

Another object is to provide an electric control device adapted to control a program of a process medium and having electric means for starting a program, automatic electric means for controlling and/or completing such program, electric operating means controlled by said auto- 5 matic means and each of which is alternately in inoperative and operative condition, and other operating means, controlled by said electric operating means and controlling said process me-' dium and some of which form a group being in 10 operative condition when the respective electric operating means controlling the same are in operative condition, while other such operating means form a group being in inoperative condition when the respective electric operating 15 means controlling the same are in operative condition, one of said groups being adapted to be operated by an additional and normally inoperative means.

Another special object is to provide a controller 20 adapted to control a program including functions or phases of substantially different length and/or character, of a physical, chemical or biological process medium.

Another object is to provide a controller adapt- 25 ed to control certain sets of functions on a time basis and other sets of functions, or individual functions, on a basis determined by instrument controlled condition detectors, said several functions collectively forming a program. 30

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to. having several means each for automatically starting a certain function of a program, other means for automatically controlling certain functions thereof, other means 35 each for operating a process medium during some of said functions, still other means for automatically terminating said functions, and interlocking means to selectively and consecutively operate said several means. 0

Another object is to provide a program controller as referred to, having condition controlled means each for automatically controlling certain functions of a program, time controlled means for automatically controlling 'certain other func- 45 tions thereof, other means each controlled by some of said condition controlled means and/or time controlled means and adapted to control a process medium during'some of said functions, and interlocking means to selectively control said 50 condition controlled and time controlled means.

Another special object is to provide a program controller as referred to, adapted to consecutively control certain phases of the programs of a plurality of similar units.

Another object is to provide aprogram controller as referred to, adapted to automatically and consecutively control and/or operate certain phases of the programs of a plurality of similar units, the sequence of the several units to be controlled and/or operated being selectively determined by automatic means.

Another object is to provide a program con troller as referred to, adapted to consecutively start and control certain phases of the programs of a plurality of similar units, the sequence of the several units to be controlled being selectively determined by automatic means, and said automatic means being started by condition detectors disposed in the several units.

These and other objects will be evident from a consideration of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic chart of a program timer constructed in accordance with my invention; Figure 2 is a wiring diagram of electric control circuits employed in a preferred, system according to Figure 1, including circuit making and breaking devices and solenoids to be actuated by the circuits; Figure 3 is a front view, partly in section, of a filter forming a part of Figure 1, with piping, valves and other operating means, the valves being actuated by the solenoids of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a more detailed front view of one of the valves of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a front view of the stationary member of the pilot valve shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a sectional view of the same, taken along lines 66 of Figure 5; Figure '7 is a front view of the movable member of the same pilot valve; Figure 8 is a sectional view of the same taken along line 88 of Figure 7; Figure 9 is a part diagram of a modification of Figures 2 and 3; Figure 10 is a diagram of another. modification of Figure 2; Figure 11 is a part diagram of still another modification of Figures 2 and 3; Figure 12 is a complete wiring diagram showing a system including the several modifications as illustrated in Figures 9, 10 and 11; Figure 13 is a part wiring diagram of electric control circuits employed in a system including two units according to Figure 1, adapted to be started and controlled consecutively; Figure '14 is a detail of Figure 13; and Figure 15 is a part wiring diagram of electric control circuits employed in a modified system including three units.

DESCRIPTION IN GENERAL (Figure 1)' In order that a general understanding of the relation of the main parts of my apparatus may be had, reference is made to the purely diagrammatic chart of Figure 1.

A single filter, or a similar apparatus, indicated by I00 is shown subject to several operating valves or primary operating devices, including infiuent valve IOI, eflluent valve I02, waste valve I03, backwash valve I04 and rewash, valve I05. Each operating valve is subject to control by secondary operating devices including a solenoid and a relay. The solenoids, which control the respective operating valves are indicated by the figures III,

H2, H3, H4 and H5. Each solenoid is subject to control by a relay I2I, I22, I23, I24, or I25.

' I3I will start timer motor I30 which will normally control relays I2I, I22, I23, I24 and I25 through a series of operations and positions, ,to operate solenoids III, H2, H3, H4, and Sand valves IOI, I02, I03, I04, and I05 through a corresponding series of operations and positions forming a program of filter I00. Since it may be desired now and then to prolong one of the valve positions and corresponding filter operations beyond its normal period, this is provided for by the prolong button I32, which will stop timer motor I30 in any position as long as depressed. Also, since it may be desired at irregular times to be able to cut. a filter out of service and later restore it to service, this is provided for by the shut-oi! and service push buttons I33 and I34, which control operation of solenoidsd II and H2, regulating operation of the two valves required for filter operation as long as the filter is in service.

A full description of electric circuits and other features, in the above outlined system and in certain modifications thereof will be found in the following paragraphs. However, it will be noted right here that the system as herein described allows for several groups of cooperating elements being disposed in remote or close relation, as may bemost desirable in each case. In particular, the following groups of elements may be disposed remote from each other: (a) filter I00 with valves IOI, etc., and solenoids III, etc.; (b) relays I2I, I22; (0) relays I23, I24, I25; (d) timer I30, (e) program button I3I; (f) prolong button I32; (g) shut-ofi and service buttons I33 and I34.

ELECTRIC Cmcorrs (Figure 2) The wiring diagram of Figure 2 will be more readily understood by considering it as separated into two groups of circuits, namely, those controlling timer motor I 30 and those controlled thereby and controlling the several solenoids through the corresponding relays. The latter will be taken up first.

Solenoids III, etc., have armatures I4I, etc., and are connected in parallel to a source of circuit A. Each solenoid II I, etc.,-is also. connected, through a lead I5I, etc., to one of two front contacts disposed in relay I2I, etc., and the poles or switch members of said relays are connected in parallel to source B.

Relays I2I, etc., are 3-wire relays adapted to be energized by circuits received from B through wires IBI, etc., through the respective coils and resistors, and wires III, etc., joining source A; and to be deenergized by circuit from B, through wires IBI, etc., the respective resistors and wires I II connected to A. Wires I BI etc. and I 8|, etc. may be connected to B as follows:

A series of contacts I9I, I92 I93, I94, I95 and a similar series of contacts 20I, 202, 203, 204, and 205 are adjustably secured to and insulated from a dial 2I0. An arm 2| I, which rotates over dial 2I0 is adapted to wipe the several contacts. Arm 2 is secured to and insulated from shaft 2I2 driven by the synchronous low speed timer motor I30; and arm 2 receives circuit from B,.through brush 2I3. Contacts I9I through I95 are connected, respectively, to leads I 6|, etc.; and contacts 20I, etc., are connected, respectively, to leads I8I, etc.

Shaft 2I2 also rotates shaft 2I4 by the pinion 2I5 and the gear 2I6; the ratio of the gearing being two to one. Theshaft 2I4 drives the cams 2" and 2I8 which are shaped substantially alike but set 180 apart, and engage respectively the rollers 2I9 and 220 of mercoids or limit switches '22I and 222, dropping the same after a 180 effective turn each. These mercoid switches form part of circuits controlling timer motor I30 which will be described now.

Mercoid 22I is connected to leads 223 and 224 and mercoid 222 is connected to leads 225 and 226. Leads 224 and 226 terminate, respectively, at the normally open program switch I3I. Wires 223 and 225 are connected, respectively, to the coils of relays 221 and 228; and the coil circuits are completed to B.

- closed prolong switch I32.

Each relay 221 and 223 is normally open and is adapted when closed, to operate as a main switch, completing a circuit from A through timer motor I30, which is connected to B through the normally Switch I32 is adapted to be depressed and to be locked depressed by manually turning it, say

Relays 221 and 223 have pigtails connected, respectively, to leads 224 and 226.

The contact member of program switch I3I is connected by a lead 223 and by the normal closed service switch I34, to source A.

Service switch I34 includes a contact member secured to and insulated from a push button 230. A similar push button 23I is provided in shut-off switch I33. Push buttons 230 and 23I are mechanically connected by a spring toggle 232, so that shut-oil switch I33 will be open as long as service switch I34 is closed and vice versa. The contact member of shut-off switch I33 is connected by lead 233 to a contact 234 disposed on and insulated from dial 2 I0 and which will be contact d by arm 2 when the latter is in its zero or s arting position. Shut-off switch I33 also includes the terminals of two legs 235 and 236, which lead, respectively, to wires I 5| and I52.

It willbe remembered that Figure 2 is purely diagrammatic and as a consequence all transformers, fuses, and similar devices which are obvious to those skilled in the art are omitted. Some of the circuits as herein described may, of course, be slightly modified by interposing such devices; and otherwise. It will be simple to adjust the herein given description of circuits and to adapt the operation thereof which will be described later, to any such modified system, although this may involve certain changes both in terminology and design.

FILTER Srsrnm mo PROGRAM (Figure 3) Referring now to Figure 3,. it will be noted that solenoids III, etc., form parts of valve mechanisms disposed in the conventional piping system of a gravity filter I00.

Filter I00 as shown has bottom 30I, a system of underdrain pipes 302 disposed thereon and provided with nozzles or strainers 303, a graded layer of gravel 304 over the underdrain pipes, and a layer of filter sand 305 supported by gravel 304.

Troughs 306 are disposed in the upper part of filter I00 and are connected. by a gullet 301.

Water to be filtered and which may or may not be pretreated by coagulating or similar apparatus (not shown) enters through pipe 308, influent valve IN, and elbow 303, while filtered water is withdrawn through underdrain pipes 302, header or pipe 3I0, T 3, efliuent valve I02 and pipe 3I2 to service. All other valves are closed during filtration.

Incident to the purification of water being filtered through sand bed 305, such impurities and/or coagulated matter as are removed from the water will collect upon and within said bed; and granules of said bed will become coated with impurities. By and by a considerable amount of dirt, etc., will collect; also the filter sand will show some tendency to pack. As a consequence there will be found a considerably increasing dif- 'ference of water pressure, or so-called loss of head, from top tobottom of the filter.

The head on top of the filter bed will be determined by the level of water in filter I00, indicated at 3I3, which may be maintained by any suitable means such as a level controller, the gauge of which is shown at 3. The head on bottom of the filter bed will be determined by the same water level 3 I 3, and by the varying and normally increasing resistance that the bed offers to the how of water through the same. A means to by a weight 323, over a pulley 324 which actuates a pointer 323 moving over dial 326.

At the start of filtration, the coating of granules of the filter bed may lead to an improved screening effect, involving better adsorption of impurities. However, if and as the accumulation of dirt, etc., and packing of the sand bed goes on,

it may reach a point where water tends to break through the filter bed, and to channel through the same in large part unfiltered. This is prevented by periodically backwashing the filter bed in an upward direction and at a considerable rate, flushing out such impurities as have been retained in the sand, and loosening up the latter for a new start of filtration.

, A standard program for a filter as shown is as follows:

Ordinary filtration is applied either continuously or intermittently, and such operation is continued until pointer 323 indicates the maximum allowable loss of head, generally about 15 feet. Thereupon, infiuent valve IOI will be closed-program operation (a). Eflluent valve I02 remains open and as a consequence, the water level will be lowered from 3I3 to a point in the neighborhood of mark 321. This operation (b) is termed draining to eiiluent," and is intended'to save the appreciable amount of water between marks 3I3 and 321. On reaching or approaching mark 321, troughs 306 will be connected through gullet 301, elbow 323, waste valve I03, elbow 323, elbow 330, T 33I and pipe 332 to waste-operation (c). Thereupon the water level will almost instantly drop to the upper level or weir of troughs 306. This process, which may form a part of or may follow operation (0) is termed draining to waste and serves, amongother things, to quickly establish a predetermined water level in filter I00 before backwashing is started. Following it, pipe 333 will be connected through backwash valve I04, tee 3I I, and header 3I0 to the underdrain pipes 302-operation (d). Thereupon the water will pass through strainers 303, upwardly through gravel 304 and sand bed 303 and will spill over the upper edges of troughs 306, to be withdrawn through gullet 301, elbow 323, waste valve I03, elbow 323, elbow 330, T

33I and pipe 332 to waste. During such backwash operation (e) the sand will be loosened up,

the 'bed expands to a level in the neighborhood of mark 334, and the impurities will be flushed out to waste with the water withdrawn through troughs 306, etc. At the end of the backwashing operation, backwash and waste valves I 04 and I03 will be closed; water will again be admitted through infiuent valve IN, to be filtered through bed 305 and to be collected by underdrain pipes 302, and will be directed through pipe 3", T 3, elbow 335, elbow 336, rewash valve I33, T

33! and pipe 332 to waste-operation (f). This will start the so-called rewash or filtering to waste operation (g) which serves to again build up the water level in filter I06 from the edge of troughs 306 to mark 3I3, so that sand bed 305 may properly settle after it has been expanded up to mark 336. At the end of rewashing, eilluent valve Hi2 will be opened again and rewash valve I will be closed-operation (h). This will start another filtering period (i) Function (1) as described may be termed the filtering phase of a complete program, while functions (a) to (h) collectively may be referred to as the washing phase, function (e) being the most material part of this phase. A filter program as hereinafter referred to starts with function (a) which is the first operation of a washing phase, and includes the two phases as described.

The first or washing phase of a program includes a plurality of functions. Each of func tions (a), (c), (d), (f) and (h) includes one or more operations of some of valves HI, etc.; these functions may be referred to valve operations". Functions (b), (e) and. (g) may be referred to as "valve positions. A valve operation always starts and stops what may be termed functions or operations of the filter; and each valve position corresponds to such a filter function or operation.

The second or filtering phase of a programfunction (i)-is normally much longer than a complete washing phase, often being of from 20 to 30 hours duration in continuous operation of the filter. A complete washing phase may take but as many minutes.

The valve operations of a program include the positive steps of opening each valve and the reversing steps of closing each valve, certain valves being closed first and opened later during a program. In each valve operation, the valves affected may be operated either simultaneously or individually. The latter may be preferable in best practice. An arrangement of contacts as described above allows for a close control over the sequence of valves to be operated during each valve operating function. A still better arrangement for the same purpose will be described latera In order'to substantiate, for purposes of illustration, some actual periods of time as may be assigned for the several functions of the above described filter program, the following tabulation will sumce.

(Figures 4 to 8) Figured shows diagrammatically how an operating valve may be controlled by solenoids ill, etc., when constructed as an ordinary pilot operated gate valve. Infiuent valve MI is shown for purposes of illustration.

A hydraulic cylinder 35!! is mounted on valve body IN and includes a piston 35! which actuates the valve through stem 352. A pilot valve 353 controls the admission of pressure water and withdrawal of waste water fromand to the ends of cylinder 353, and pilot 353 is actuated, alternately, by a solenoid land by a weight 354 secured to armature I of said solenoid.

Pilot valve 353 includes a stator 355 illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 and a rotor 356 illustrated in Figures7and8.

Stator 355 has apressure port 351, a waste port 358, and two other ports 359, 366 that will be described in the following.

Rotor 356 has a shaft 35| rigidly secured thereto; and a crank 362 is rigidly secured to shaft 36!, as shown in Figure 4. Crank 362 is operatively connected with armature ill of solenoid Ill. When the latter is deenergized, its armature will be pulled down by weight 356, to the lower limit of its stroke, setting rotor '356 in valve operating position, as shown in full lines (Figure 4); and when solenoid I is energized, the armature will be raised to the upper limit of its stroke, shifting rotor 356 into valve closing position as partly indicated in dotted lines. Figure 7 shows the front of rotor 356. There will be noted two passageways 363 and 363 grooved into the face of rotor 356 and adapted in the valve opening position as shown, to interconnect, in stator 355, the pressure port 351 with port 363 and the waste port 356 with port 359. In the valve closing position, the same passageways will bring pressure to port 353 and connect port 386 to waste. A cap or spring 365 Figure 6) will hold the rotor 356 in place, in sliding connectlonwith stator 355.

Pressure and waste ports 35! and 358 are suitably connected by hydraulic leads 356 and 361, respectively, to a source of pressure supply and to waste. Ports 356 and 363 in an arrangement as shown in full lines (Figure 4) are connected respectively to the upper and lower ends of cylinder 353, by leads 363 and 353;. and this type connection is illustrative both for infiuent-valve I61 and efliuent valve i112. Inthe three other Valves Pr u I $03 ogram one on 101 102 103 104 105 (minutes) 0 nip; (1 g Closi g-"- 0oening. 4

Closed..-- Open 3 Open. -..do 0100011-.-- 3

. Indefinite It will be noted that similar program characteristics as herein described obtain in a good many other devices or plants which include .process media similar to the herein described filter bed, and valves, movable troughs or other operating parts equivalent to the herein described valves.

valves I33, I, and I05, as shown in Figure 3, ports 353 and 363 are connected with cylinder 350 in the opposite way, by leads 310 and 3', indicated in dotted lines (Figure 4). That is, energizing the solenoids of group ill and H2 will secure the corresponding valves in closed position, while energizing the solenoids of group H3, H4 and IIS will secure the corresponding valves in open position.

Some specific objects of this feature will become evident when considering in the following, some of the underlying principles of the herein illustrated filter program and the operation of the electric control system.

Furthermore, it may be noted that more efficient pilot means than herein described may be found in the respective art, or may be specially developed, in accordance with principles herein referred to.

NORMAL OPERATION or ELECTRIC CIacUrrs AND Paoonsu Corrrsor.

(Figure 2) A program is started by depressing the push button of program switch I3I. When starting from the situation represented in Figure 2, a series of circuits will be established and, as mentioned before, two groups of circuits may be distinguished, the first group serving to control timer motor I30 land the second group being controlled by timer arm 2| I and serving to control solenoids III, etc. The circuits will be designated, for convenience, by numerals IOI, etc. (not shown in the drawings).

There will be established first a timer starting circuit IO0I from A through the normally closed service switch 134, lead 229, the momentarily closed program switch I3I, lead 226, mercold 222, lead 225, and the coil of relay 228 to B. This energizes relay 228, resulting in a timer operating circuit I002 from A through relay 228, timer motor I30 and the normally closed prolong switch I32 to B; and a timer relay holding circuit I003 from A through the switch and pigtail of relay 228, lead 226, mercoid 222, lead 225 and the coil of relay 228 to B.

The timer operating circuit, just referred to under I002, starts timer motor I30, which drives shaft 2I2.

The program button I3I may be released after being momentarily depressed. This will break the timer starting circuit IO0I; however, the timer relay holding circuit referred to under I003 will hold the timer operating circuit I002 closed and the timer motor will keep running.

Rotation of shaft 2I2 will cause contactor 2 to wipe the contacts IOI, etc., and 20I, etc., disposed on dial 2I0. In an arrangement as shown, the first contact to be engaged, after arm 2- has moved away from contact 234, is contact ISI; and contactor 2 will reach that contact a short time after timer motor I30 has been started, which will result in a solenoid starting circuit I004 from A through lead I, the resistor and coil of relay I2I, lead IG I, contact I91, contactor 2| I, and brush 2I3 to B. This will energize relay I2I, resulting in a solenoid operating circuit I005 from A through solenoid III, lead,

I5I, and the relay I2I to B; and in a solenoid relay holding circuit I008 from A through lead I1I, resistor, coil and switch of relay I2I to B.

The solenoid operating circuit, just referred to under I005 will energize solenoid III, raising armature I from the valve opening to the valve closing position. This will start piston 35I of infiuent valve IOI from the upper end of cylinder 350 to the lower end thereof, closing the gate of the valve. Completing such operation of valve IOI, which forms the first or (a) function of a washing program, will take a short time as may be assigned for such function. At the end of that function, further movement of the piston I will be stopped by cylinder 350 and any flow of pressure and waste water through pilot valve 353 will cease. Similarly, any fiow of water through infiuent valve IOI into filter I00 will cease.

The solenoid relay holding circuit I008 will hold the solenoid operating circuit I005 closed. Furthermore, due to the closing of circuit I006, contact ISI will be. energized from lead I6I, as well as from arm 2I I, so that upon arm 2| I moving away from contact I9I, circuit will not be broken, and the undesirable effects of breaking circuit at a contact of this type are avoided.

Valve operation of function (a) as initiated by the timer, starts the draining to efliuent function (b) of the program. The latter function will continue until timer motor I30 turns contactor 2 into such positions on dial 2I0 that contacts I92 and I93 are engaged.

Desirably contact I93 will be reached first, and if so, another solenoid starting circuit I004 will fiash through arm 2I I, this time energizing relay I23. Solenoid operating and solenoid relay holding circuits I000 and I008 will be established through thatrelay; solenoid II3 will be energized, and waste valve I03 will be operated through the corresponding pilot valve.

It will be noted that the program at this point calls for the opening of waste valve I03. This feature of the program, in connection with electric features of the system described and which will be referred to later, accounts for the hydraulic leads 310 and 31I of valve I 03 being interconnected in a diflere'nt way than leads 368 and 369 of valve IOI (Figure 4).

While solenoid I I3 is energized, and waste valve accordingly opens and remains open, solenoid III will remain energized, the solenoid relay holding circuit I008 through relay I2I remaining completed. Therefore, the influent valve IOI will remain closed.

As soon as contactor 2 reaches contact I92, another series of circuits I004, I005, I006 will follow in relay I22; solenoid II2 will be energized and eiiluent valve I02 will be closed.

The opening of waste valve I03 and closing of eiiluent valve I02 constitute the (c) function of a program, starting or including the draining to waste operation,

Shortly following such function, contactor III will make contact I94, energizing solenoid II4 through relay I24, and opening backwash valve I04-operation (d). This will start the filter washing-operation (e) and such function will continue until timer motor I30 turns oontactor 2 to make contacts 203 and 204.

Assuming that contact 204 is reached first, there will be made a solenoid deenergizing circuit I001 from A through lead I14 and the resistor of relay I24 to B. This will in efiect short-circuit the coil of relay I24, so that the switch of the same will drop open, breaking the solenoid relay holding and solenoid operating circuits I006 and I005 previously established through that relay. This will deenergize solenoid H4. The corresponding pilot valve will now close backwash valve I04.

As contactor 2 moves away from contact 204, circuit I001 is terminated; however, the resistor of relay I24 prevents, for all practical purposes, a breaking spark damaging this contact or the pointofarm2ll. 1

As soon as contactor 2 reaches contact 203, the same deenergizing operation will occur in relay I23, solenoid H3, and waste valve I03.

After another short period contactor 2 will reach a point or points where contacts I85 and I are made, energizing relay I and deenergizing relay I2I. This opens the rewash and effluent valves I08 and IN.

The four steps last described-closing backwash and waste valves I04 and I03, and opening rewash and efiluent valves I05 and l0l-constitute function (f) of the program. The now following (9) or rewash function will continue until timer motor I turns contactor 2 into such positions that contacts 202 and 205 are made.

This will deenergize solenoids H2 and II 5, opening eilluent valve I02 and closing rewash valve IDS-operation (h)-and will thereby start 7 another filtering period (1').

be maintained while contactor 2II completes its 360 turn. However, on -completing its half revo1ution,.cam 2! will drop the roller 220 and open mercold switch 222. This will break the timer relay holding circuit I003, deenergizing the coil of relay 228. The switch of said relay will open, breaking the timer motor operating circuit I002; and timer motor I30 will stop.

Preferably just berore mercold switch 222 is opened, cam 2II will close mercold switch 22I to prepare for timer starting and timer relay holding circuits through the same.

Furthermore,in completing its cycle, contactor 2 may make contact 234, for purposes to be described later. It will be noted that in this position both groups of circuitsthe timer circuits IO0I, I002, I003 and the solenoid circuits I004, I005, I008, and I00I-are dead. This is an intended consequence of the arrangement mentioned before and according to which solenoids III and H2 are deenergized when the program calls for open position of the corresponding valves, while the other solenoids are energized when the program -calls for open positions of the corresponding valves. The filtering function (i) which calls for open position of both infiuent and eiiluent valves I I and I02, may be maintained for a considerable time so that deenergizing solenoids III and I I2 during that function results in a saving in electric current. Other advantages of the same feature may be found in certain systems which include a plurality of filter units.

A new program may be started whenever the washing of the filter is desired again, by again momentarily depressing program push button I 3I. The resulting circuits, operations and positions will be substantially the same as hereinabove described, the only difference being that the timer group of circuits -IO0I, I002 and I003 this time will be made through relay 221 and mercold 22I, instead of through relay 228 and mercold 222.

SHUT-OFF AND Psomno Em'rrmas (Figure 2).

that even on depressing push 'button I3I no However, it may be desirable to terminate a filter operation (I) without starting another wash program, or to terminate the several functions of a wash program without starting another filtering operation. On the other hand, where a. filter 5 has been shut off from service, it may be desirable to put the filter back into service; a backwash being required in the event that the filter was shut off from service in a condition requiring such backwash, but that no backwash was had at that time. At the same time it is not desirable that a filter may be shut off from a program initiated and. partly completed by the timer motor, because resuming, such program at the correct point would offer unnecessary difilculties both as far as electric control is concerned and regarding proper operation of the filter. Therefore, itshould, not be possible that a program in course of progress may be interrupted by a shut-off impulse. All these objects are achieved in an extremely simple way as may be seen from the following: I

Assuming that filter I00 is in filtering position as shown in Figures 2 and 3, and that it is desired to shut it off from service, the push button of shut-oil switch I33 may be depressed. Thiswill .make two secondary solenoid operating circuits I008 from A in parallel through solenoids III and H2, and back to B through leads 235 and 236, shut-oil switch 133, lead 233, contact 234, contactor 2H and brush 2I3. This will energize solenoids III and H2, closing the influent and efiluent valves, and shutting the filter oil. from service. The filter will remain shutoil. as long as the push button of shut-oil switch I33 remains closed, by means of its spring actuated toggle 232.

'Assuming now thatit is deslred'to start a washing program while the push button of the shut-ofi switch I33 is depressed-it will be seen 40 timer starting circuit IO0I can be made, because incident to the depressing of shut-off button I33 toggle 232 has automatically raised service push button I34, opening the corresponding switch.

Assuming now that it is desired to return the filter to service and thereafter to start a washing program, the service ,push button I34 will be returned to normal, or depressed position, and

following this, program push button I3I will be service push button I34 will also close the corresponding switch, so that on depressing programpush button I3I, the normal series of circuits and functions of a program will be started and completed, as described above. That is, while the infiuent and eifluent valves subsequent to breaking shut-off circuits I008, have started opening, the infiuent valve will be closed again when contactor 2 makes contact I8I, and the other valve operations and positions will follow as described.

Assuming now that the filter originally was in filtering position (i) as shown in Figures 2 and 3, that then a washing program was started by depressing push button I3I, and that thereupon it is desired to shut oil. the filter, while some function previous to filteration is still in course of progress. Shut-off push button I33 will bedepressed with the following results. No secondary solenoid operating circuit I008 can be completed 75 tactor 2Ii away from contact 234. In other words, the filter will be shut ofl from service only when looking shut-on push button I33 in depressed position, and maintaining it in such position until the timer motor has completed a full turn of shaft 2I2 and arm 2 has returned to contact 234. Thereupon, secondary solenoid operating circuits I000 will be made automatically as described before, and the filter will be shut off from service.

It may be desirable, from time to time, to prolong the timed functions of a program in course of progress, beyond the time permitted by a given setting f,the timer. For this purpose, the prolong switch I32 may be opened by depressing the corresponding button. This breaks the timer operating circuit I002 but not the timer relay holding circuit I003, nor the solenoid group of circuits. The timer motor will be stopped, leaving solenoids III, etc., in their last positions. When releasing the prolong push button, the prolong switch will complete the timer operating circult I002 and the program will proceed as before from the point of interruption. This enables the operator to give more time to washing, or to draining the filter than is usually needed, and

' provided for by the timer setting, without readjusting the timer contacts, to take care of a single unusual condition existing only temporarily.

Savanna Comor. Mums (Figures 9, 10 and 11) In operation as so far described the several program functions are timed, but the filtering phase is indefinite; any new washing phase is started by manually depressing the program push button.

It has been mentioned that in standard practice a filter is washed when the loss of head gauge 3I5 indicates a certain loss ,of head or similar condition in filter bed 305. Figure 9 is a diagram showing meansto automatically start a new program on reaching a predetermined loss of head. A loss of head gauge acts as a condition detector, controlling the filtering function which by such control becomes a definite, although not a timecontrolled function of a complete program.

The pointer 32! of loss of head gauge 3" (Figure 3) is actuated by and insulated from pulley 324, and receives current from A, through service switch I34 and brush "I (Figure 9'). Dial 320 has contacts 402, 403 and 404 adjustably secured thereto and insulated therefrom. A- circuit received through 402 will energize a three= wire relay 400 through the coil and resistor thereof to B, and relay 405 will be held closed by A- circuit received through lead 406, but will be deenergized through contact 404, A-circuit received through 403 will energize the single pole relay 401 through relay 405, and when so energized, the relay 401 will connect leads 224 and 220 to A, starting a program as described before.

At the start of a filtering function (i), contactor 325 will be in its zero position at the extreme left hand side of dial 326. When the loss of head, incident to filtration, has increased to a predetermined amount, a starter relay energizing circuit I000 will be made from A through switch I34, brush 40I, contact 402, coil and resistor of 405 to B. This will energize relay 405, and a starter relay holding circuit IOI0 from A through lead 400, the switch, coil and resistor of relay 405 to B'will hold the relay closed as filteration immediately, as timer motor I30 has turned congoes on. Contact 403 will be set a short distance from 402, and when contact 403 is made, there will be establishedtwo automatic timer starting circuits I0 and I0-I2 including (1) a circuit from A through I34, 40I, 403, 400 and the coil ofrelay 401 to B, energizing relay 401, and (2) a circuit from A through I34, 40I, 403, 405 and the switch of relay 401 to either one of leads 224 or 220, which will be prepared to receive a program starting impulse. During the now followin circuit IOI3 from A through I34, 40I, 404 and the draining to eilluent (b) and other functions, conresistor of relay 405 to B. Thereupon, contactor I 320 may return to its initial position, during or after the program function (h) which starts another filtering period (1) Although the pointer 325 will pass the contact 403 again, incident to such climbing back, no washing program will be started at this incident, the relay 405 being deenergized until contact 402 is made again. A contact corresponding to and parallel with 404 may be secured to the extreme left hand side of dial 320.

When shutting the filter off, by depressing push button I33, pointer 323 will also move to the extreme right hand side; when restoring the filter to service by depressing service button I34, the pointer will climb back to its last position. In this event, contact 403 will be made twice, but will be inoperative both times. The first time, no A-circuit will be received, as spring-toggle 232 has opened switch I34, and the second time, relay 400 will be open. However, contact 402 closes relay 400 again, so that the same will be prepared to receive a program starting impulse when the maximum allowable loss of head is reached again, incident to continued filtration.

An automatic starter, as shown in Figure 9, will control the filtering function (i) in cooperation with, but independently of any setting of the timing mechanism. In a similar way, there may and in certain instances should be provided means to independently and/or remotely control other tunctions of a process medium, especially such functions as may or should be variable as to the periods of time allotted to the same.- Preferably, such means are actuated by condition detectors. An illustration will be foundin Figure 10, showing a system wherein the drainingflto emuent function (b) is substantially controlled from a liquid level gauge.

Liquid level indicator 3 (Figure 3) is shown in this figure as including a float 400, a rod 400 mounted thereon and a contact 4I0 secured to and insulated from said-rod, and connected to source A. Brushes 4, M2 and 4I3 are'so'disposed, respectively, as to be engaged by contact 4I0 when float 400, in dropping down from level 3I3, approaches level 321; when it rides at level 321; and when it drops below that level. There is provided a relay 4, similar to relay 403 (Figure 9) in construction, and so interconnected that it will be closed when contact 4 is made, and opened when contact 3 .is made. A normally open relay 4I0 is energized through relay 4I4 when contact 2 is made, and includes a single pole connected to A and two contacts which are connected, respectively, to mercoids HI and 222, the circuits being completed through the coils of the respective relays 221 and 220 to B. Program switch I3I in this modification includes a push-button adapted to engage the contact m,

and as a consequence, that contact and the blank space following the same in the embodiment of figure 2, are eliminated from timer dial 2I0.

Depressing push-button I3I will complete an auxiliary solenoid startingcircuit I004a from B through the closed service switch I34, program switch I3I, coil and resistor of relay I2I to A, energizing relay I2I. This will establishsolenoid operating and relay holding circuits I005 and I 000 as described before, to close the influent valve IOI. This function '(a) will be followed by draining to eiliuent (b) and as a result, float 408 will drop below level 3I3. After a time, contact 4I0 will engage the brush 4, making starter relay energizing and holding circuits I009 and IOI through relay 4. Shortly thereafter, contact 2 will be made, and-an auxiliary rel'ay starting circuit IOII will be established through relay 5, resulting in a timer relay starting circuit I 00I through the same and either one of relays 221 or 228, as may be prepared to receive this impulse. The following operation will be exactly as described before (Figure 2), except that a closer control over the time relation of the several functions will be had, as the lengthy blank space following contact IOI (Figure 2) is eliminated on dial 2I0.

It will be noted that controlling the draining to eiliuent function on a level or volume basis rather than on a time basis may be preferable in certain instances; particularly where no water or as little water as possible should be drained to waste.

Another way to save water may involve condition control of the washing function. A test controller for the washing function .is illustrated by Figure 11;

The timer motor I30 is shown with operating circuit I002 closed through relay 221. The timer starting and relay holding circuits, also the solenoid circuits need not be shown. Waste pipe 332 of filter I00 includes an orifice 420 or the like, causing a bypass flow through a glass tube 42I as long as there is any flow of water through pipe 332. A source of light 422 throws light on a photocell of the photo-conductive type 423, through glass tube 42I. Cell 423 receives circuit from battery 0 through lead 4 and the adlustable resistor 424, the circuit being completed through the coil of a relay 425, which is of the. back contact type in that it completes a circuit when deenergized, and which is normally energized through cell 423 and resistor 424.

As long as no water at all, or clear water passes through glass tube 42I, relay 425 will remain energized by the tester relay controlling circuit IOI4 passing through the same, but as soon as wash watercarrying impurities flushed out of the filter passes through glass tube 42I, the resistance of cell 423 will be increased; and resistor 424 may be so adjusted that the presence of a certain amount of such impurities in tube 42I will in effect deenergize relay 425; This will complete a tester relay controlled circuit I 0I5 through the same, which energizes a coil 420 opening the normally closed prolong switch I32 by means of an armature 421 secured to the same, and thereby breaking the timer motor operating circuit I002.

Assuming that resistor 424 has been suitably adjusted, operation will be as follows. Previous to and immediately following the start of the 'washing function (e), clear water from the draining to waste function (0) passes through glass tube 42I, so that cell 424 will keep relay 425 energized. As the washing proceeds, impurities washed out of the filter bed will be carried through pipe 332 and also through glass tube 42I, causing cell 423 to deenergize relay 425. This will result in coil 425 depressing the prolong push button I32, so that timer motor I30 will stop shortly after contact I94, controlling the backwash valve I04, was made. The washing operation will continue, and after a certain time, which may be variable, the water passing through glass tube 42I will become clear again, the sedi-' ment being washed out of filter I00. This will energize relay 425, deenergizing coil 426, which closes switch I32 and causes timer motor I30 to resume its operation. After a predetermined period, controlled by the timer, and which may be made very short or may be practically eliminated altogether, contacts 204 and 203 will be made, stopping the washing function (e). Thereupon, and during the following rewash function, etc-., no water at all or clear water will pass through tube 42I, so that relay 425 will be kept energized and coil 426 will remain deenergized until another backwash operation is started and turbid water flowing through thetester tube 0 causes the timer to stop.

CYCLE or TIME AND Sarmmr Conrnonmm FUNCTIONS (Figure 11) Manual or automatic operation of prolong switch I32 as described, makes the operation of timer motor I30 intermittent. Such intermittent operation of a timer motor may be advantageous in'certain cases; not only in that it allows for long or variable functions being-controlled more adequately than by mere. timing means, but also on account of the fact, that thereby the timer cycle available is exclusively utilized for the timing of functions the aggregate period of which is relativelyshort-a slower running andmore precise timer may be used.

Figure 11 illustrates diagrammatically the electric circuits of a system wherein timer operation is intermittently controlled by condition detectors while the solenoid group of circuits is identical with the corresponding group as shown in Figure 2.

Timer motor I30 in this modification receives circuit through the switch of a main relay 500, which is of the three-wire type and normally open.

The first start of timer motor I30 is accomplished in a similar way as illustrated in Fig-- ure 9. Contactor 325, forming part of a. loss of head gauge, will make contact 402, making starter relay energizing and holding circuits I009 and IOI0 through relay 405. Shortly thereafter there will be made an auxiliary relay energizing circuit similar to circuit IOI I, through relay 40'I, establishing a main relay energizing circuit IOI6 from A through resistor and coil of relay 500 and relay 401 to B. This will energize relay 500 and start timer motor I30.

Relay 500 will be held closed by a main relay holding circuit IOI'I from A through its resistor,

' coil and switch to B.

The now following rotation of timer shaft 2I2 will again cause contactor 2 to wipe the contacts disposed on dial 2I0.

In an arrangement as shown, the first contact to be engaged, after contactor 2 has moved away from contact 234, is contact I9I. Contactor 2 will make that contact a short'time after timer motor I30 has been started. This 10.5%L will result in a solenoid starting circuit 10 through lead iii, followed by solenoid operating and solenoid relay holding circuits I0" and I008 through relay l2l.

An auxiliary ratchet relay SM is adapted, when energized to rotate a ratchet and a switch memher 502 secured thereto and insulated therefrom, about 120. Three arc-shaped contacts 503, 504 and "5, covering not quite 120 each, are disposed in a circle, wiped by the contactor of switch 02, and are set 120 apart with their corresponding ends. Three smaller contacts 500, 501 and 808 are disposed in a concentric circle, each of them being set at but a few degrees from one end of the corresponding contact 503, 504 or 505, such end being the far one in the direction of rotation of contactor 501. The contacts 503, 504 and 505 are connected respectively to leads "I, I and 203. Contactor 002, by means of brush "9, is connected to the coil or ratchet relay "I, the coil circuit being completed to A. Contacts 500, Bill and 500 are connected to the resistor of relay "0 so as to short-circuit the coil of the same.

At the same time a solenoid starting circuit is made through contact ill and lead ill, there will be completed two main relay deenergizing circuits ill! and ill! as follows: tracing from B, circuit will be .made (1) through brush 2| 3, contactor 2i i, contact I81, lead Iii, contact 503. switch 502, brush 508 and the coil of relay 501 to A; this will raise the pawl and turn the ratchet of relay ill, whereby switch 502 will be turned out of contact with are 503 and into contact with the following arc I, so that finally the coil of ratchet relay ill will be deenergized and the pawl will drop down inoperative. Incident to this 120 turn, B-circuit will be made momentarily (2) through brush 213, contactor 2| 1, contact Ill, lead Ill, contact 503, switch 502, contact Ill and the resistor of relay 500 to A; this will deenergize the last named relay, stopping timer motor "0.

The impulse received in relay ill, as mentioned before, has started a draining to eilluent function in filter I00, causing contactor 120 to make a starter relay deenergizing circuit llil. Furthermore, liquid level indicator 3 (Figure 10) will register the gradual dropping of liquid level SIS. .Contact M0 will approach and finally engage the brush ti l, making starter relay encrgizing and holding circuits I009 and Ill. through relay 4. Shortly thereafter, contact 2 will be made, and an auxiliary relay starting circuit lflil will be established throu h relay 5, resulting in main relay energizing circuit illl through the same, which energizes relay 0" and starts timer motor I20. Belay 500 will again he held closed by a main relay holding circuit ill'l. Relay Sit will be deenergized by a circuit "it, as the liquid level drops below 321.

contactor Iii will now engage a number of contacts, as described before, and will finally make contact 194 to relay I. This contact by means of lead I04 is'conuected to arc 500, so that another set of main relay deenergizing circuits "it and mm will be made; switch 502 will be turned into contact with arc 505, and timer motor i00 will be stopped.

The impulse received in relay 124, as mentioned before, has started a washing function in filter in, and photocell 023 will register the turbidity of wash water withdrawn to waste, and will transmit the corresponding impulse to still another starter relay 520. In an arrangement as shown in Figure 11, this relay is normally held energized by a circuit l0, cell 423 being normally exposed to light. However, as soon as turbid water, carrying impurities from filter Ill, is withdrawn, the coil of relay 520 will be deenergized. Pawl ill, which forms a part of this relay, will then drop down and will be prepared to engage ratchet 522, which is secured to and insulated from a switch 523, receiving B-circuit through brush 524. As soon as the water hecomes clear again, the circuit l0 through relay 520 will be completed again, and ratchet 522 will turn switch 523, completing another main relay energizing circuit |0l0 through relay 500, switch 523 and brush 524, which starts motor Ill on. the last part of its cycle. A main relay holding circuit i0l'l will follow again.

The remaining contacts on dial 2|. will be made in timed relation, as described before, and when completing a 360 turn, contactor ill will engage contact I connected to lead 233. 'This lead is connected to are 505, through which a last set of main relay deenrgizing circuits Ill! and III! will be made. Thcreupon both contactors 2H and 002 will be in their initial positions, prepared to receive another set of starting impulses.

When comparing the herein described modification with the system of Figure 2, it will be found that during each cycle or program according to Figure 11, main relay energizing and holding and timer operating circuits are alternately made and broken, a number of times, the breaking of such circuits being accomplished by electrical means controlled by the timer; while in the program of Figure 2, a single set of timer circuits was made and was finally broken by mechanical means controlled by the timer. The solenoid group of circuits is the same in both figures, except that a closer control of the several solenoid starting and deenergizing circuits willbehadinthesystemofFigurell.

A tabulation of circuits according to the system of Figure 2 will be found in chart #1; and. a tabulation of circuits of the modified system of Figure llwillbefoimdinchartitil. Ineach chart there will be found a list of the several timer and solenoid circuits, of the relays through which they are made, and of the functions during which they are made and/or maintained. Momentary circuits are indicated 01112.8 and permanent circuits thus Chart 1 Functiom Relays Circuits Start a b c d s I g h i 10021 O U 0 O. O O O 0 O chart 2 Functions Relays Circuits Start a b c d e I 0 h i s01 101s,1010 0 1000 0) 510 1010 011 1011 500 1013 0 1010 1011 s01 1018,1010 0 6m O C O O O Q Q 0 0 52s 1010 0) 500 1011 001 1018,1019

121 1006 (z) 1001 ('3' 122 v 1000 (p s 1001 III 121 1000 (p 1001 '("i I 124 1000 (p 5; 1001 0 12s 1000 (p 1001 II III Furthermore, it will be noted that provision is made for automatic control of a program of a process medium, said program including two groups of functions which may be described either as functions of long and short duration, or as functions of variable and constant duration. Individual means are used for the control of each group of functions. It is known, for instance in the water softening art, to individually control, on the-one hand, functions subject to measurement by certain means, and on the other hand, functions which are better measured by individual means, as for instance the brining function in the water softening cycle. Such individual .control of certain functions isdii'ferent from the separate volume control rather than the time.

volume or other control applied to other program functions. On the other hand, the differential control as herein contemplated-is based on the fact that certain program functions may require or allow diflerential timing characteristics, and that such differential timing may improve the time control in general. 1

of wash water needed to wash a filter ordinarily is so great as to preclude washing more than one at a time, the washing functions in two or more.

filters should not overlap.

It is not necessary to wait until the end of a program on one filter and its restoration to filtering service before starting a program on a second filter. All that is necessary is to prevent two being in the washing function simultaneously. Consequently the program on a second filter may be initiated at any time that will not cause awashing lap. The time that may be so gained may not be important in a small plant having only a few the shaft 610 .is held in any position along the shaft 610 .by the set screw 68L A friction disc 68! on the shaft 684 is rotated by the friction pinionv I and may, by adjustment of the latter along its shaft 610 be set to make a revolution in the 'timetaken to complete two or more programs of" functions or parts thereof, as from a to j, de-

' pending upon the number of filters in the battery.

Contact arm 68! is secured to disc 682 by means of shaft 684 and is movable by the same in rela-,

tion to the stationary disc 683. If the timing of the functions is shortened, then the friction pin-' ion 680 may be adjusted to the left along the shaft 610 to correspond with the shortened period,

or vice versa. Thus for example, with a battery of two filters for which Figure 13 shows the control, the dial 683 is provided with two contacts I and 888, and the continuous rotation of the hand contactor 661 on the shaft 684 provides for completing the circuit through line 668 from the source 13 alternately to contacts 665 and B66 evcry 40 minutes, or in a greater or lesser time, depending upon the adjustments explained previously, would be a corresponding number of contacts on the dial 683 equally spaced and with the time allowance properly adjusted.

In Figure 13 elements 6M and 63I are the loss of head indicators for filters Nos. 1 and 2 (not shown). Elements 300 and 630 are solenoids for operating the program push-buttons of the two filters. These buttons operate as explained in connection with Figure 2 to close the timer starting circuit IBM. The showing of these button parts in Figure 13 is therefore omitted.

Assume that the loss of head of filter No. 1 has increased so that the arm 624 of its dial Bill has moved up to the contact 603. Thereupon, a starter relay energizing circuit 1009 from source A passes through line 625, brush 686, hub 605, arm .24, contact 603, line 613, coil 810 and resistor ill of relay 801, to be completed through line 616 to B. This energizes relay 601, closing switches 8 and 609. The latter will then receive starter relay holding circuit ifllil from A through line ii, holding the relay closed even when arm 624 moves past contact 803.

The contact-602 is elongated so that if arm 624 reaches it Just after the arm 661 has passed contact 5, 624 will remain on6ll2 until 56? again reaches I even though there be increase in loss of head during this period. When completed, a primary automatic timer starting circuit II!!! from source B passes through line 668, arm 681 and contact 685 of the selector interlock, line 682, coil of relay 620, line BGI, pole 608 of relay 601, line "2, contact 602, arm 624 now in contact with same, huh I", contact 806, and line 625 to source A. This circuit therefore energizes the coil of Obviously, for three or more filters there iii) relay 620 which closes its normally open switch thereby completing a secondary automatic timer starting circuit I02I from the source A, B through lines 62I and 623 to coil of solenoid 600. The solenoid 600 beingthus energized depresses the program button, closing the timer starting circuit IOI for filter No. 1.

The circuit I02I through the coil of relay 620 is soon broken by the arm 661 of the selector interlock moving past the contact 665.,

Upon the completion of function b of the program for filter No. 1, the effluent valve is closed and the loss of head gauge 60I will indicate a higher value thereupon bringing the arm 624 into contact with 604. This will complete the starter relay de-energizing circuit IOI3 from source A through line 625, arm 624, contact 604, line 6I4, resistor 6I I, and line 6I6 to B, thus short-circuiting the coil GM of relay 601. The coil 6I0 of relay 601 being thus deenergized opens the poles 608 and 609 of relay 601, thus breaking the holding circuit IOI0 of relay 601.

When the washing phase of filter No. 1 is completed and function i is restored, the loss of head being now greatly reduced, the arm 624 of the gauge 60I will move to the left toward the zero mark. In so doing, contact will be made between the arm 624 and the contact 602, but the initiating circuit I020 for another program will not be completed even though the arm 661 of the selector interlock should at the same instant be in contact with 665 because the coil 6I0 of relay 601 beingdeenergized, the pole 608 of relay 601 is open.

Further movement of the arm 624 to the left brings it to contact 603 making circuit I009 and finally to the zero mark on the dial 60 I.

The washing phase of filter No. 1 will be completed before arm 661 moves from contact 665 to contact 666, but if during this time filter No. 2 builds up a loss of head sufiicient to bring the arm 654 of its loss of head gauge 63I in contact with the elongated adjustable contact 632, initiation of the washing program of filter No. 2 will be held in abeyance until the arm 661 reaches contact 666. When arm 661 of the selector now reaches contact 666, a circuit I020 is completed from the source A, line 625, contact 636, hub 635, arm 654, contact 632, line 642, pole 638 of relay 631, line 663, coil of relay 650, line 664, contact 666, arm 661 and line 68 to source B. Relay 650 closes its switch completing circuit I02! from the source B through lines 65I to 652, coil of solenoid 630 and line 623 to source A. The.solenoid 630 therefore closes a timer starting circuit IO0I by depressing the program button of filter No. 2 in the manner shown and described before;

It will be apparent from the preceding that once the contact at the loss of head gauge for a filter is made, that filter will have its program initiated at the beginning of the next period allotted to same by the interlock timer. Also since the timer intervals for the filters are of suflicient length and alternate with each other, or follow each other in rotation where more than two filters are concerned, no two filters will be put into washing phase at the same time.

This form of control has the disadvantage where more than two filters are concerned that the rotation of their time intervals may result in undesirable delay in washing a filter, since when it has once been passed by the interlock timer it must wait at least for a period equal to the sum of functions a to e allowed for all the filters before its turn again arrives, although none of the other filters may need washing. This loss of time is overcome by the form shown in Figure l5.

MODIFIED BA'I'IERY CONTROL (Figure 1 Referring now to Figure the motor 169 is geared to drive the shaft 110 and the selector arm 161 at a relatively rapid rate so that contact will be made with the contacts on disc 182 at intervals of a few seconds, there being one of the latter contacts for each filter, three being shown.

The motor 169 receives power (circuit I024) from the source B through line 194, pole 191 of relay 195, line 196 and back to A through line "I, as long as the coil 199 of relay 195 is held energized from A through line 891, pole 198 of relay 195, coil 199 and resistor 894 to B (circuit I022).

Loss of head gauge 6M and starting solenoid 600 are associated with filter No. 1, whose selector dial contact is 692. Another loss of head gauge 1M and starting solenoid 100 are associated with filter No. 2, whose selector dial contact is 192. And another loss of head gauge MI and starting solenoid 800 are associated with filter No. 3, whose selector dial contact is 992.

Assuming now that filter No. 3 has built up a loss of head that moves the arm 924 on its loss of head gauge dial 80I over to the elongated and adjustable contact 802, following which the selector arm 161 reaches the selector dial contact 892, and assuming further that relay 195 is energized, the following will occur.

There will be completed circuit I023 from A through line 625, arm 824, contact 802, line 8I2, relay 801 (previously closed by a circuit I009),

line 890, selector contact 892, arm 161, line 168,

resistor 894 of relay 195, back to B thus shortcircuiting the coil 199 of relay 195. The poles of relay 195 therefore will open, thus breaking the holding circuit through the pole 198 of relay 195, and also the circuit I024 from the source B to line 196 and the motor 169 at the pole 191 of relay 195. The motor 169 therefore will stop when selector arm 161 makes contact with 892, with arm 824 of the loss of head gauge 00I in contact with 802.

It will be noted also that when the above-mentioned circuit I023 is completed from A through line 625, arm 924, contact 802, line 8I2, relay 801, line 890, etc., a circuit I020 is also made through arm 161 to contact 893 on dial 182 to line 99I, coil of relay 820 to B. Relay 820 closes its switch, completing the circuit I02I from source A through the coil of solenoid 800, to source B. Thus energized, the solenoid 800 acts to operate the program button of filter No. 3 in the manner shown and described in connection with Figure 13.

The washing phase of filter No. 3 having been initiated as explained above, is now carried on while the motor 169 remains stopped with selector arm 161 remaining in contact with contacts 892 and 893.

At the end of function e in the program of filter No. 3 the closing of its eflluent valve I02 (see Figure 3) will result in the arm 824 of its loss of head gauge 80I moving to the right, as previously explained. Arm 624 will thereupon contact with 804 completing the circuit IOI3 from A, line 625, arm 824, contact 804, line BI4, the resistor of relay 801, and back to B, thus short-circuiting the coil of relay 801, which thereupon opens its two .poles breaking the circuit I023 to the selector contact 892, arm 161 to line 168; also the circuit I020 through arm 161 to contact 896 and line 89I to the coil of relay 820 thus deenergizing the latter to open its switch to 

